This brief addresses the urgent need for competition reforms in African agrifood systems to enhance resilience against climate shocks, reduce food prices, and empower smallholder farmers and small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs). Key recommendations include strengthening regional cooperation among competition authorities, improving market intelligence, and mobilising international donor support. These reforms are critical to counteract market concentration, anti-competitive practices, and systemic barriers faced by vulnerable groups, particularly women and small-scale producers.